Reproducibility

Data Availability Policy

Expectations for sharing the data, code, and materials underlying published research.

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Open Data Mandate

To ensure scientific reproducibility, authors are strongly encouraged to deposit their raw datasets, software code, or mathematical models into trusted repository systems (e.g. Zenodo, Figshare, GitHub) and provide the respective DOIs or URLs within a dedicated Data Availability Statement in the manuscript's Declarations section.

Retention of Research Data

Authors must retain original research data for a reasonable period after publication. The Editorial Office may request raw datasets, laboratory records, original images, statistical analyses, or experimental protocols at any point during review or after publication. Failure to provide supporting data on request may result in rejection or retraction.

Where data cannot be shared (e.g. for ethical or proprietary reasons), the Data Availability Statement should explain why, and describe how legitimate requests for access may be made.