Originality

Plagiarism Policy

Similarity screening thresholds and the journal's response to detected plagiarism.

Screening

Every manuscript is screened using professional plagiarism-detection software (Crossref Similarity Check / iThenticate) before peer review. The journal evaluates both the similarity percentage and the nature of matching text.

Threshold

Manuscripts with an overall similarity index exceeding 15%, or showing significant block plagiarism, are rejected immediately without review. Minor overlap in standard methodological descriptions may be acceptable, whereas unattributed copying of ideas, text, figures, or data is considered unacceptable.

Response to Confirmed Plagiarism

When plagiarism or duplicate publication is identified, the journal may reject the manuscript, request revisions, notify the authors' institution when warranted, or retract the published article if misconduct is confirmed after publication.